Border Cave
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چکیده
Border Cave exhibits a detailed sequence of MSA strata, with probable Homo sapiens sapiens remains within these layers, arguing for an early appearance of modern humans in South Africa. Supporters of an early appearance place hominids BC1, 2, and 3 at ~115 kyr by correlation to C 14 dated soils (Butzer et al, 1978), while skeptics, using ERS methods, believe these individuals are younger than 90 kyr old (Grun et al, 1990). Reliable dating and potential intrusion into lower levels from these remains upon burial are the basis for the disagreement. The presence of the Howiesons Poort industry, which was “immediately preceeded and accompanied by anatomically modern humans, argues for astonishing evolutionary trajectories at the southern periphery of Africa” (Butzer et al, 1978). In this light, Border Cave has the potential to be a significantly important site in regards to the cultural evolution of humans.
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Border Cave
1941-1942, many Middle Stone Age industries were revealed. In addition, an infant burial was found in the assemblage. This finding lead archeologists to think that there may have been earlier hominid habitation in the Border cave site. Geologist H. B. S. Cooke did geological studies of the Border Cave assemblages. In 1974, a hominid mandible was found during an excavation along with younger MSA...
متن کاملDiagenesis of bone from Border Cave: implications for the age of the Border Cave hominids
Hominids from the site of Border Cave purportedly provide direct evidence for the early emergence of anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Southern Africa. ESR dating of Border Cave faunal enamel has confirmed the antiquity of the sediments, although questions persist regarding the provenience of the hominid specimens. Here we establish that, at Border Cave as elsewhere, bone mineral crystallinit...
متن کاملOn the age of Border Cave 5 human mandible.
An enamel fragment from the Border Cave 5 specimen was analysed with non-destructive ESR combined with laser ablation ICP-MS for uranium profiling. We obtained an age of 74+/-5 ka which fits exactly into the chronological framework that has been previously established for Border Cave by a variety of dating techniques. The result lays at rest the view that BC5 could be of Iron Age, as was implie...
متن کاملEarly evidence of San material culture represented by organic artifacts from Border Cave, South Africa.
Recent archaeological discoveries have revealed that pigment use, beads, engravings, and sophisticated stone and bone tools were already present in southern Africa 75,000 y ago. Many of these artifacts disappeared by 60,000 y ago, suggesting that modern behavior appeared in the past and was subsequently lost before becoming firmly established. Most archaeologists think that San hunter-gatherer ...
متن کاملBorder Cave revisited: a revised ESR chronology.
In view of a decade of progress in ESR dating we have revised the ESR chronology of Border Cave. A detailed gamma ray survey in 1994 and newly calculated beta attenuation data led to total dose rate estimations that are between 0 and 30% smaller than previously estimated. Accordingly, the resulting ESR age estimates are between 0 and 30% older. The ESR dates are now in good agreement with indep...
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